|
Lecturer(s)
|
-
Bilbija Branka, Mgr. Ph.D.
-
Bártová Eva, doc. MVDr. Ph.D.
-
Literák Ivan, prof. MVDr. CSc.
|
|
Course content
|
Lectures LIVING SYSTEM. Domains, non-cell form of life, cell theory. PROKRYOTES. Bacteria, archea, microbiome. EUKARYOTS. J. E. Purkyně, evolution of eukaryotic cells (endosymbiotic theory), cell organels, chemical composition of cells. Mendelian inheritance, J. G. Mendel, Mendel laws and conditions, qualitative trait, phenotype, genotype, generation P, F1, F2, B1, monohybridism CELL CYCLE. Mitosis, meiosis, spermiogenesis, oogenesis, cell cycle regulation, cell death. Dihybridism. CYTOGENETICS. Gonophores (chromosomes, plasmids), numerical and structural aberrations of chromosomes, syndromes. Heredity and sex. GENETIC INFORMATION. Nucleic acids (DNA, RNA), replication of genetic information, epigenetic. Morgan laws and gene linkage. METHODS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY. DNA isolation, PCR, restriction analysis, gel electrophoresis, sequencing. EXPRESSION OF GENETIC INFORMATION. Proteins, transcription, translation, regulation of gene expression. Gene interactions. ENERGY. Polysacharides, metabolism, cell respiration, photosynthesis. Non-mendelian inheritance. EVOLUTION. Evolutionary theories, Ch. Darwin, mechanisms of evolution, microevolution, speciation, macroevolution. Population genetics. MEMBRANES. Lipids, proteins, transfer of substances across membranes. OSMOTIC EVENTS. Water, osmosis, blood and blood groups. Quantitative genetics. CYTOSKELETON. Cytoskeleton, microtubules, intermediate filaments, actin filaments, molecular motors, types of movements. CELL SIGNALLING. Signal forms, types of extracellular signals and receptors, signalling pathways. FUTURE BIOLOGY. Model organisms, AI, nanobots, quantum biology. Practicals - in zobrazit.
|
|
Learning activities and teaching methods
|
|
Lectures, Laboratory and desk-based work
|
|
Learning outcomes
|
To unify and expand high school knowledge of biology to obtain a foundation in terms of the knowledge and skills in area of this discipline, on the basis of which students continue in study of applied veterinary disciplines. Focusing on general, molecular and cellular aspects of biology and evolutionary biology, in practicals mainly on microscopy and the basics of working with DNA.
Theoretical knowledge The student can: - describe the nature and organization of living systems and the principle of holobiotic systems, explain the chemical composition of living systems, describe hypotheses about the origin of life and cells, explain cell theories and describe non-cellular life forms. - explain the replication of genetic information and the expression of genetic information, including their regulation, characterize genophores and genome (gene and non-gene part of the genome), explain chromosome theory of inheritance and explain the basics of cytogenetics, classical genetics, and population genetics, - describe individual methods of molecular biology (DNA isolation, amplification of DNA segments by PCR, restriction analysis, gel electrophoresis, DNA sequencing, basic methods of proteome analysis), - explain the energy acquisition by the cell, photosynthesis, respiration, especially the importance of ATP and the principle of energy recovery in mitochondria and chloroplasts, chemiosmotic couplings, - characterize and describe the details of the membrane and cytoskeletal system of the cell, describe cell signalling, describe and explain extracellular signalling and intracellular signalling pathways, - describe the cell cycle and its regulation, characterize cell proliferation and differentiation as well as types of programmed cell death, - describe and explain the development of evolutionary theories and the basic mechanisms of evolution, including the current human influence on evolutionary changes of global scope. Practical skills The student can: - microscope with a light microscope, can focus, work with depth of field and can determine the size (measure) of the observed object, can make a blood smear and stain it, make a bacteriological smear and stain and evaluate it according to Gram, can determine the blood group, - isolate DNA, perform PCR (polymerase chain reaction), evaluate the number and size of amplified DNA sections using electrophoresis, - design and evaluate a hybridization experiment with drosophila (Drosophila melanogaster) to verify the validity of the rules of inheritance in the field of classical genetics (Mendelism). Competences The student is able to: - use the acquired knowledge and skills when studying other subjects in the field of basic subjects: histology, zoology and botany, - study of follow-up subjects in the field of pre-clinical: especially for the study of microbiology, biochemistry and physiology, - perform PCR in a number of subsequent subjects, where this reaction is used as part of practical teaching, - work effectively as a member of a team and take part in self-audit.
|
|
Prerequisites
|
unspecified
|
|
Assessment methods and criteria
|
Oral exam, Oral credit test
Credit requirements: - attendance at practicals according to the syllabus - theoretical preparation for seminars (knowledge check at the beginning of seminars) - passing 2 component tests according to the syllabus and assessment of acquired skills Exam requirements: - participation in the exam is conditional upon an awarded credit - the exam is oral and students answer exam questions. The student randomly picks two questions from a question set that they receive at the start of the semester (area A - primarily cell biology, area B - primarily genetics). The student gets a maximum of 30 minutes of preparation time in which they prepare a written answer to the questions. An additional question or questions may be asked by the teacher. At the end of the examination, the examiner evaluates the answers and gives the student a final grade (the student is informed about the grade immediately after the examination). Should the student fail, they are given information on resits.
|
|
Recommended literature
|
-
&. Alberts et al.: Základy buněčné biologie. 2001, Espero Publishing, Ústí nad Labem. Nečas O a kol.: Obecná biologie. 2000, H a H, Jinočany. Šmarda J.: Genetika pro gymnázia. 2003, Fortuna Praha. Rosypal S.: Úvod do molekulární biologie 1-3. 1999-2000, Brno (Rosypal - vlastní náklad). Raven P.H., Johnson G.B.: Biology, 4. vydání. 1996, WBC/Times Mirror Company Weaver R.F., Hedrick P.W.: Genetics, 3. vydání. 1997, WCB/Mc Graw-Hill, USA. . &, &.
-
ARMSTRONG, Joseph E. Collier, Glen E. Basic Biology.. Waveland Press, 1989., 1989.
-
Bártová, Roubalová. Handbook for biology and genetics practical courses. Brno, 2009.
|