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Lecturer(s)
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Králová Michaela, MVDr. Ph.D.
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Macharáčková Blanka, Ing. Ph.D.
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Bednář Jiří, MVDr. Ph.D.
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Course content
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Lectures: 1. Water, hydrogen bridge, properties, significance, examples 2. Strong, weak, and sparingly soluble solutions (electrolytes), and their properties 3. Ionic product of water, pH, its definition and significance.Modern methods of pH measurement 4. Theory of acids and bases, buffers and their definitions, capacity and biologically important buffer systems 5. Theory of compound formation activated complex and collision theory. Kinetics of compound formation, reaction rate, Guldberg-Waag curtain, catalysis 6. Division of elements in terms of significance for living matter. Structural elements, macroelements, microelements. Defining the concept of essentiality and toxicity 7. Biologically important elements of the periodic table groups and their compounds known in medicine, hygiene or in general 8. Significant carbohydrates ? mono to polysaccharides. Important reactions and important carbohydrate derivatives and their significance for living matter 9. Amino acids and proteins. Distribution, structure, important reactions, solubility and factors affecting the solubility of these substances, their significance for living matter 10. Nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, composition and structure of nucleic acids 11. Fatty acids: distribution, composition, important reactions, the importance for living matter 12. Lipids: distribution, chemical structure, quantification, reactions associated with fat rancidity, the importance of heterolipids 13. Vitamins and hormones: classification, basic chemical structure Practical lessons: 1. Work safety, laboratory glassware 2. Basic chemical calculations ? preparation of solutions 3. Good laboratory practice in weighing and measuring liquids. The accuracy and correctness of these operations 4. Determination of an analyte in a solution I. Standardization of the volumetric solution. Rough titration of an unknown sample 5. Determination of an analyte in a solution I. Dilution of an unknown sample ? ways of calculations. Determination of the diluted sample ? neutralization titration 6. Determination of an analyte in a solid matrix II. Methods of obtaining an analyte from a solid matrix. Obtaining an analyte from a matrix by leaching. Determination of an analyte by direct titration ? Mohr method 7. Determination of analyte II. Determination of analyte by back titration ? Volhard's method 8. Calculations in volumetric analysis 9. Measurement of biologically important ions in food ? ISE. Importance of calibration and determination of the measuring system directive. Interfering ions and indifferent electrolytes 10. pH measurement with a glass combined electrode 11. pH calculations for strong and weak electrolytes, pH buffer calculations 12. Consultations and rescheduled practicals 13. Credit test
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Lectures, Laboratory and desk-based work
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Learning outcomes
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From the point of view of content there are four basic parts of the discipline: 1. Principal chemical laws and rules concerned with the structure and properties of substances and their applications with regard to the biological reactivity of substances. 2. Basis of bio-inorganic chemistry dealing with biological significance and functions of important ions and substances (structural elements, macro-elements, trace elements). Bio-cycles of the most important structural elements. 3. Basis of bio-organic chemistry dealing with relations between the structure and reactivity of biologically significant organic substances. Systematics of important organic substances especially with regard to needs of subsequent disciplines e.g. biochemistry. 4. Principles and state of the art of analytical methods both classical and instrumental used in laboratories working at the field of veterinary hygienic supervision, food and feed-stuffs analysis.
Theoretical knowledge The student: - knows the basic principles of behaviour of aqueous solutions and reactions that take place in them and factors that affect them, - is able to name the elemental composition of living matter, knows the classification of elements according to their significance regarding both the content and the function in the organism, - can explain and describe the basic building blocks of the bioorganic composition of living matter in terms of both simple chemical composition and structure, important reactions and basic functions of groups of substances (amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, fatty acids and fats, nucleic acids, vitamins and hormones) Practical skills The student: - can prepare accurate concentrations of solutions in conjunction with modern dosing methods of liquids, - can extract an analyte according to the type of matrix containing the analyte, - can subsequently dilute the extracted analyte as needed depending on the analytical method used, - knows the basic principles of instrumental chemistry, the correct use of calibration procedures and the use of these calibrations for ion measurements. Competences The student is able to: - choose the correct procedure when preparing solutions or obtainin analytes, - test your own work and the work of the group using accuracy and correctness and thereby work to improve its quality, - use knowledge of the behaviour and function of basic substances in living matter (organic an inorganic) in other related subjects.
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Prerequisites
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unspecified
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Written credit test
Credit requirements: 1. Attendance at all practical classes. The student needs to reschedule a missed class with the teacher as soon as possible. The teacher determines the form and date. Rescheduled classes must take place by the end of the term at the latest. Later classes are allowed only with the consent of the course guarantor. 2. At the end of each practical the student presents a laboratory worksheet which should include a brief description of the procedure and results of work/measurements. The work procedure and measurement results are approved and signed by the course instructor. Based on the laboratory worksheet, the student prepares and submits a laboratory report which includes the signed laboratory worksheet. 3. A written credit test: one third of the test questions tests the knowledge of chemical calculations studied during the course and two thirds of the questions test the knowledge gained from lectures or recommended literature.
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Recommended literature
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Zima S., Zwick K., Synek O. Veterinární chemie. SZN, Praha, 1990.
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