|
Lecturer(s)
|
-
Pechová Alena, doc. MVDr. CSc.
-
Uřičářová Jana, MVDr.
-
Borská Petra, MVDr. Ph.D.
-
Dobšíková Radka, doc. MVDr. Ph.D.
|
|
Course content
|
LECTURES 1.INTRODUCTION TO BIOCHEMISTRY. Biochemical processes, metabolic overview, biochemical reactions, energetics, macroergic compounds.SACCHARIDE METABOLISM I. Digestion of saccharides, ways of transport of glucose into enterocytes, Anaerobic glycolysis. 2.SACCHARIDE METABOLISM II.Aerobic decarboxylation of pyruvate. Gluconeogenesis. Cori-Alanine cycle. Metabolism of glycogen (biosynthesis and breakdown). 3.SACCHARIDE METABOLISM III.Pentose phosphate pathway. Fructose and galactose metabolism. Glucuronate pathway. 4.CITRIC ACID CYCLE. RESPIRATORY CHAIN.Citric acid cycle, energetic yield. Anaplerotic reactions. Glyoxylate cycle. Respiratory chain, link to aerobic phosphorylation, coenzyme Q, cytochromes, non-heme iron. Inhibitors and uncouplers of respiratory chain. Shuttles. 5.LIPID METABOLISM I.Digestion and absorption of lipids. Mixed micelle. Biosynthesis and degradation of FFA. Metabolism of ketone bodies (biosynthesis and degradation). 6.LIPID METABOLISM II. Biosynthesis of cholesterol and its transformation to bile acids, steroid hormones, calciols. Transport of cholesterol - chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL. 7.LIPID METABOLISM III.Complex lipids - phospholipids and glycolipids. Synthesis of eicosanoids. Adipose tissue. 8.PROTEIN METABOLISM I.Digestion of proteins and resorption of amino acids. General reactions involved in amino acid metabolism. Transport of ammonia in the internal environment of the organism. 9.PROTEIN METABOLISM II.Glutamine cycle. Urea synthetic cycle. GGT cycle. Metabolic breakdown of individual amino acids, conversion to specialized products, Phosphocreatine shuttle. Peptide hormones, basic mechanism of their action. 10.ENZYMES I.Enzymes as biocatalysators, structure and function, nomenclature and classification of enzymes. Allosteric enzymes. Enzyme kinetics. Inhibition of enzymes. Enzyme cofactors, review of structures and functions. 11.ENZYMES II.Diagnostic enzymes and their clinical importance. Isoenzymes. Metaloenzymes. 12.MINERALS.Macroelements, microelements. 13.METABOLISM OF PURINE AND PYRIMIDINE NUCLEOTIDES VITAMINSBiosynthesis, breakdown, uric acid. Importance of vitamins in metabolism. 14.ANTIOXIDANTS, DETOXIFICATION OF XENOBIOTICSAntioxidants, oxidative stress, ROS, detoxification of xenobiotics, conjugation reactions PRACTICAL LESSONS 1.INTRODUCTION TO PRACTICALSSafety rules, work safety. Good laboratory practice - Control serum. Pipettes and lab device. Conditions for credit 2.METABOLISM OF SACCHARIDES I.Carbohydrate digestion - substrate specificity of enzymes amylase and invertase 3.METABOLISM OF SACCHARIDES II.Enzymatic determination of blood glucose in blood serum. Enzymatic determination of glycaemic curve. Determination of blood glucose by glucometer 4.METABOLISM OF LIPIDS I.Determination of lipoperoxidation in lipid samples. Qualitative determination of double bonds in fatty acids 5.METABOLISM OF LIPIDS II.Determination of total cholesterol in blood serum 6.METABOLISM OF LIPIDS III.Determination of triacylglycerols in blood serum 7.METABOLISM OF PROTEINS I.Determination of proteins in the blood serum and control serum. Determination albumin in the blood serum 8.METABOLISM OF NUCLEIC ACIDSIsolation of nucleoproteins from yeast and detection of their components. Determination of glutathione in yeast 9.ENZYMESDetermination of alkaline phosphatase activity in the blood serum. 10. VITAMINS, ANTIOXIDANTS I.Separation of the vitamin mixture by gel permeation chromatography 11. VITAMINS, ANTIOXIDANTS II.Rough estimation of ascorbic acid 12. MINERALS I.Determination of magnesium ions in the blood serum 13. MINERALS II.Determination of phosphorus concentration in blood serum. Determination of calcium concentration in blood serum 14. CREDIT WEEK,Substitutionary lesson. Consultations, checking protocols. Credit test repetition. Credits.
|
|
Learning activities and teaching methods
|
|
Lectures, Seminars, Laboratory and desk-based work
|
|
Learning outcomes
|
Biochemistry in the summer semester introduces students to the metabolic conversion of the basic substances in the organism and food stuff (i. e. carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids) with the appropriate enzymes that catalyze this metabolic conversion. Individual metabolic pathways are located in the specific compartments of the cell, and they are important for the correct function of the cell/tissue for example by production of ATP or other products.
Theoretical knowledge The student can: - describe the basic principles of biochemistry and explain key principles in metabolism, regulation, and interconnection of metabolic pathways, - explain the importance of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, minerals, and vitamins. - identify the basic role of enzymes and their control in metabolism, explain the importance of antioxidants and detoxification for metabolism. Practical skills The student can: - work safely and efficiently in the laboratory, - use preanalytical methods of sample preparation (weighing, pipetting, centrifugation), - use basic laboratory analytical methods (pipetting, titration, spectrophotometry), - collaborate with other students in the group, - measure / obtain values and calculate results, - interpret the results and propose a conclusion. Competences The student is able: - work effectively as a team member, - use preanalytical methods to modify the sample, use basic laboratory methods to examine it and interpret the results.
|
|
Prerequisites
|
|
|
Assessment methods and criteria
|
Written credit test, Practical credit test
Credit requirements: -completion of all (100%) practical lessons; substitution is possible at the time and in the practical defined by teacher with prior communication -theoretical knowledge from the part of the so-called theoretical preparation is verified by examination at the beginning of the practical lesson -practical skills are verified on the basis of measured results and values and by elaboration of all protocols from practical, signed by the teacher -in the case of distance learning, the requirements will be specified in connection with the possibilities of current measures
|
|
Recommended literature
|
-
CHAMPE,P.C.;HARVEY,R.A. Lippincott´s Illustrated Reviews: Biochemistry.. Lippincott Wiliams & Wilkins, 1994. ISBN 0-397-51091-8.
-
J. Koolman, K. H. Röhm. Color Atlas of Biochemistry.
-
MURRAY,R.K.; GRANNER,D.K.;RODWELL,V.W. Harper´s Illustrated Biochemistry.. Appleton & Lange, 2006. ISBN 07-147885-X.
|