Lectures: 1. Ultrastructure and physiology of bacterial cells. Nutrition, metabolism, growth and multiplication of bacteria. Genetics of bacteria and mechanisms that contribute to their genetic variability. Influence of physical and chemical factors of the external environment on microorganisms. 2. Ecology of microorganisms, basic factors responsible for the occurrence of microbes in the host and in the external environment. The natural microflora of the host and its importance. Pathogenicity and virulence of microorganisms. Origin and development of the infectious process, interaction of the etiological agent with the host. Pathogenesis of bacterial infections, general and special mechanisms. 3. Antimicrobial substances, mechanisms of their effect on target structures of bacterial cells. Natural and acquired resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobials. Importance of antimicrobial resistance monitoring. 4. Gram-negative aerobic, facultatively anaerobic and anaerobic bacteria as agents of animal infections. Pathogenesis of significant infections. 5. Gram-positive cocci, gram-positive non-sporulating rods, gram-positive endospore-forming bacteria, nocardioform actinomycetes, mycobacteria and mycoplasmas as agents of animal infections. Pathogenesis of significant infections. 6. Microscopic fungi as agents of infections and intoxications of animals (dermatophytes, yeasts, dimorphic fungi). Pathogenesis of significant fungal infections and intoxications. Practical training: Principles of good laboratory practice in the microbiological laboratory (occupational safety in an infectious environment), microbiological laboratory and its equipment. 1. Diagnostics in veterinary microbiology (collection, sending and processing of samples intended for bacteriological and virological examination). 2. Microscopic detection of bacteria. Use of optical microscopes. Preparation of native and fixed microscopic preparation in bacteriology. Gram staining method. 3. Cultivation of bacteria, bacteriological growth media, incubation conditions, morphology of bacterial colonies, growth phases, multiplication of bacteria in liquid media. Innoculation on solid agars. 4. Isolation of purecbacterial strain, methods of demonstrating phenotypic traits (physiological and biochemical properties) of bacterial strain. Methods of bacterial strain identification. 5. Methods for determining the susceptibility and resistance of bacteria to antibiotics, chemotherapeutics and disinfectants. Disk diffusion method and MIC. Detection of beta-lactamases. 6. Mass spectrometry - MALDI TOF for the identification of microorganisms, the use of molecular microbiology methods in the identification and characterization of bacteria. 7. Microbiological diagnostics of veterinary important representatives of the genera Brachyspira, Serpulina, Treponema, Borrelia, Leptospira, Lawsonia intracellularis. 8. Microbiological diagnostics of veterinary important members of the family Enterobacteriaceae (Salmonella, Edwardsiella, Yersinia, Shigella, Proteus, Escherichia, Citrobacter, Klebsiella. 9. Microbiological diagnostics of veterinary important members of the family Pasteurellaceae (r. Pasteurella, Mannheimia, Actinobacillus, Haemophilus, Taylorella) 10. Microbiological diagnostics of veterinary important representatives of the genera Campylobacter, Helicobacter, Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, Ornithobacterium, Flavobacterium 11. Vibrionaceae (r. Vibrio, Plesiomonas), Aeromonadaceae (Aeromonas), Moraxella, Francisella, Bordetella, Brucella, Alcaligenes, Acinetobacter. 12. Microbiological diagnostics of veterinary important representatives of the genera Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Lactococcus, Micrococcus and Kocuria. Diagnosis of infectious bovine mastitis. 13. Microbiological diagnostics of veterinary important representatives from the families Rickettsiaceae, Bartonellaceae, Anaplasmataceae, Chlamydiaceae, Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma
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The third semester (2nd year) is devoted to teaching bacteriology. In the field of general bacteriology, students will learn the preparation of bacteriological preparations, techniques of culturing bacteria and their identification by biochemistry and molecular bacteriology procedures in practical exercises. They also diagnose important groups of bacteria significant in terms of veterinary medicine. The subject of the study is mainly the properties of microorganisms (structure, growth, reproduction, genetics) important in terms of their ecology, pathogenicity, virulence and etiology. An integral part of the course is knowledge of the taxonomy and classification of veterinary important microorganisms, including the study of methods of their detection and typing.
1) teoretické znalosti 1. Student je schopen popsat a vysvětlit etiologii a patogenezi významných bakteriálních infekcí. 2. Student zná principy základních diagnostických metod. 2) praktické dovednosti 1. Student je schopen odebrat vzorky k bakteriologickému vyšetření a provést toto vyšetření vedoucí k identifikaci bakteriálního druhu včetně jeho případné typizace. 2. Student umí sestavit vyšetření ke stanovení citlivosti bakteriálního kmene na antibiotika diskovou metodou nebo stanovením hodnoty MIC. 3) kompetence 1. Student je schopen identifikovat neznámé bakteriální druhy přítomné v klinickém vzorku. 2. Student je schopen určit citlivost bakteriálního kmene na antibiotika.
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